Showing posts with label jude. Show all posts
Showing posts with label jude. Show all posts

Origin of Lucifer, Satan, the Dragon

Who moved David to number the Hebrews…“Lord” Jehovah or Satan?

A Contradiction in Scripture?

2Sm:24:1: And again the anger of the Lord was kindled against Israel, and he moved David against them to say, Go, number Israel and Judah.

1Chr:21:1: And Satan stood up against Israel, and provoked David to number Israel.

Nelson King James Bible

Source: Nelson King James Bible
Footnote states that “Lucifer” simply means “O day star”

Source: The JPS Tnakh
This translation of the Bible does not use “Lucifer” at all, but rather, uses “O shining one, son of the dawn!” and further, footnotes it with “a character in some lost myth”.

Source: NIV. This translation of the Bible does not use “Lucifer” at all, but rather, uses “O morning star, son of the dawn!”

Source: Funk & Wagnalls Encyclopedia
States that Lucifer means phosphorous or “light bearer” and that the early church fathers, made the association to Satan.

Was the Bible the first place where “war in heaven with the dragon” took place?

Rv:12:7: And there was war in heaven: Michael and his angels fought against the dragon; and the dragon fought and his angels, And prevailed not; neither was their place found any more in heaven.

Not according to Archaeology.

Tiamat the dragon and Marduk, “War in Heaven”.

Source: Baker Encyclopedia of the Bible, Vol. 1 “Canaanite Deities”
States that “Helel” is the god found in Isaiah 14:12, referred to as “Lucifer”.
(Isaiah was prophesying against the King of Babylon, not the “Devil”.)

Source: Funk & Wagnalls Encyclopedia:
“One of the most perfect specimens of Babylonian literature is the tablet describing the war in heaven between Merodach and the demon Tiamat…”

Found an interesting thread that I decided to jump into:
More Satan vs. Lucifer

Once again I checked your “source”. Its interesting that in order for you to refute the bible, you rely on antichrist pro-evolutionary websites. You are aware that such sites are a bit biased in their theories.

[…]
✂ ✂ ✂ ✂
[…]

Take care…”

Just wanted you to know youʼre way out of line in your accusations about “unreliable”.

The information, came from:

  1. The NIV Bible
  2. The King James Bible
  3. The JPS Tnakh / Jewish Old Testament (Christian Book Distributors)
  4. Baker Encyclopedia of the Bible, (which I purchased from Christian Book Distributors)
  5. Funk and Wagnalls Encyclopedia

Sounds credible enough to me.

It appears your response is based entirely on your personal opinion rather than facts and youʼre in a state of denial.

petersansone wrote:
Andrew

Well, occultists could care less for all those sources. Occult means hidden knowledge. If you canʼt understand what this means to your “site”, then there is no point in further explaining it. I canʼt teach all this to you over the internet. It takes years of study.

Take care…

Anyone with any sense is going to take Funk and Wagnalls Encyclopedia, Baker Encyclopedia, the Tnakh, the NIV, the King James, a lot more seriously than your opinions.

You know that could drive a person into insanity always looking for some “hidden meaning between the lines”…the mysteries of the universe on a bubble gum wrapper, eh? For centuries religion lulled the mass population into ignorance with just the superstitious attitude you project.

More on Mysteries and “Hidden Knowledge”
Luther and Calvin agreed that the Bible states the earth does not move, and also that the sun does move:
“He (God) can command the sun not to rise.” (Job 9:7) Rather than, “He can command the earth to stop (moving/spinning).” That God would direct such a command at the sun rather than the earth, implies an unmistakably geocentric perspective. Likewise, Martin Luther pointed out that “Joshua commanded the sun to stand still and not the earth,” since the earth was presumed to be at rest at all times. (Josh. 10:12)
- Martin Luther, Lutherʼs Works. Vol. 1. Lectures on Genesis, ed. Janoslaw Pelikan, Concordia Pub. House, St. Louis, Missouri, 1958, pp. 30, 42, 43.

If God has something to tell me, he better start speaking up and doing so in plain English. I donʼt go for word games and head-games from thousands year old manuscripts written by complete strangers and if you canʼt *get where Iʼm coming from* itʼs a complete waste of my time to explain it to you.

Quote:
It takes years of study.

Which you need to get started on obviously.

BTW, itʼs not Andrew who rejected Funk and Wagnalls Encyclopedia, or JPS Tnakh, or the NIV or King James, or Baker Encyclopedia—it was you who rejected the information, and you posted something above about “Occultists wonʼt accept the information?” Are you an occultist?

Hereʼs more of what you erroneously called “Unreliable” from our site, on superstition:

Our fathers denounced materialism and accounted for all phenomena how? By the caprice of gods and devils. For thousands of years it was believed that ghosts, good ghosts, bad ghosts, benevolent and malevolent, in some mysterious way produced all phenomena; that disease and health, happiness and misery, fortune and misfortunate, peace and war, life and death, success and failure, were but arrows shot by these ghosts or shadowy phantoms, to reward or punish mankind, that they were displeased or please by our actions, that they blessed the earth with harvest or cursed it with famine; that they fed or starved the children of men; that they crowned or uncrowned kings; that they controlled war; that they gave prosperous voyages, allowing the brave mariner to meet his wife and children inside the harbor bar, or strewed the sad shore with wrecks of ships and the bodies of men. Formerly these ghosts were believed to be almost innumerable. Earth, air and water were filled with the phantoms, but in modern times they have greatly decreased in number, because the second proposition that I stated, the supernatural and the natural, has generally been adopted, but the remaining ghosts are supposed to perform the same functions as of yore.

In order to show you the information we got from the ghosts, and the condition of the world when the ghosts were the kings, let me call your attention to this: During these years of persecution, ignorance, superstition and slavery, nearly all the people, the kings, lawyers and doctors, learned and unlearned, believed in that frightful production of ignorance, of fear and faith, called witchcraft. Witchcraft to-day is religion carried out. They believed that man was the sport and prey of devils; that the very air was thick with these enemies of man, and, with few exceptions, this hideous progress was almost impossible. Fear paralyzed the brain.

Progress is born of courage. Fear believes, courage doubts. Fear falls upon the earth and prays; courage stands erect and thinks. Fear retreats; courage advances. Fear is barbarism; courage is civilization. Fear believes in witchcraft; courage in science and eternal law.

The whole world appeared insane. In the time of James I. a man was burned for causing a storm at sea, with the intention of drowning one of the royal family; but I do not think it would have been much of a crime if he had been really guilty. How could he disprove it? How could he show that he did not cause a storm at sea? All storms were at that time supposed to be inspired by the devil; the people believed that all storms were caused by him, or by persons whom he assisted. I implore you to remember that the men who believed these things wrote our creeds and our confessions of faith, and it is by their dust that I am asked to kneel and pay implicit homage, instead of investigating; and I implore you to recollect that they wrote our creeds.

A woman was tried and convicted before Sir Matthew Hale, one of the greatest judges and lawyers of England, for having caused children to vomit crooked pins. Think of that! The learned judge charged the intelligent jury that there was no doubt as to the existence of witches; that it was established by all history and expressly taught by the Bible. The woman was hung and her body was burned. Sir Thomas More declared that to give up witchcraft was to throw away the sacred Scriptures. John Wesley, too, was a firm believer in ghosts and, insisted upon their existence after all laws upon the subject had been repealed in England, and I beg of you to remember that John Wesley was the founder of the Methodist Church. In New England a woman was charged with being a witch and with having changed herself into a fox; while in that condition she was attacked and bitten by some dogs, and a committee of three men was ordered by the Court to examine this woman. They removed her clothing, and searched for what they were pleased to call witch-spots—that is to say, spots into which a needle could be thrust without giving pain; they reported to the Court that such spots were found. She denied that she had ever changed herself into a fox. On the report of the committee she was found guilty, and she was actually executed by our Puritan fathers, the gentlemen who braved the danger of the deep for the sake of worshipping God and persecuting their fellow men. I belong to their blood, and the best thing I can say about them, and what rises like a white shaft to their eternal honor, is that they were in favor of education.

A man was attacked by a wolf; he defended himself and succeeded in cutting off one of the animalʼs paws, and the wolf ran away; he put it in his pocket and carried it home; there he found his wife with one of her hands gone, and he took that paw from his pocket and put it upon her arm, and it assumed the appearance of a human hand, and he charged his wife with being a witch. She was tried, she confessed her guilt, and she was hung and her body was burned!
“Ghosts” by Robert G. Ingersoll

IMAGINE THAT. Thatʼs what looking for “hidden things” will lead society into—in other words, looking for whatʼs not there nine times out of ten.

Better to stick with reason, science and common sense.

petersansone wrote:
Everything in my post stands. You were incorrect in your commentary on Rev 12. Your position on Lucifer is also incorrect and though I am not a practicing pagan/occultist, I do know what occultists know since I have read from primary source books. You clearly do not understand the occult because your information on them does exactly what occultists want, it leads casual seekers away from hidden truth. I told you that the word occult means hidden knowledge. There is no time to teach you the basic truths of occult/gnosticism. I donʼt have the time to clean up your errors but to say that your site is wrong on most of its material. A true adept in the occult would laugh at your quotations of Funk and Wagner etc….…

Helllllllllooooo …is anyone home there?

I donʼt give a flipping @# what occultists believe. I do however care what historians, theologians, scholars, scientist says. You obviously do not. Youʼre calling fact fiction, and fiction fact. You made the assertion that the sources we cited from mainstream encyclopedias, encyclopedias authored by scholars, Bibles translated by scholars were unreliable and the information from them is “incorrect”.

What planet do you come from?

Quote:
Occult means hidden knowledge.

What does that have to do with anything?

WHO CARES? Total Non Sequitur. The sources we cited are legitimate and there was no “hidden agenda” as you accused however, because the page Andrew posted did not say what you wanted it to, you posted a lengthy string of insults and outright lies about the page. The facts stand on their own and no matter if Occultists believe the moon is made of green cheese wonʼt make it so. If you want to know what the moon is composed of, ask an astronomer not an “Occultist”.

FALLACY #1 NON SEQUITUR
An inference or conclusion that does not follow from the premises or evidence.
A statement that does not follow logically from what preceded it.

Itʼs based on facts from mainstream authorities yet youʼd try to make people believe the information is (in your own words) incorrect and biased…that is an Ad Hominem attack.

FALLACY #2 AD HOMINEM
Appealing to personal considerations rather than to logic or reason: Debaters should avoid ad hominem arguments that question their opponentsʼ motives.
Usage Note: As the principal meaning of the preposition ad suggests, the homo of ad hominem was originally the person to whom an argument was addressed, not its subject. The phrase denoted an argument designed to appeal to the listenerʼs emotions rather than to reason…
The phrase now chiefly describes an argument based on the failings of an adversary rather than on the merits of the case…
The expression now also has a looser use in referring to any personal attack, whether or not it is part of an argument…
Ad hominem has also recently acquired a use as a noun denoting personal attacks…

Whether or not you like “AntiChristian ProEvolutionists” is totally indifferent to the facts presented on that page.

Quote:
Occult means hidden knowledge.

Hereʼs some “hidden meanings” for you:
IS “SANTA” JUST “SATAN” MISSPELLED?
I once heard an Evangelist warn, “Santa is just Satan misspelled!” If thatʼs true then maybe “Evangelist” is just “Evilʼs Agent” misspelled? And maybe, “Fundamentalist Christian” is “Filthier Mad Cunts in Satan” misspelled?
- Source unknown

Further Misspellings

Maybe “God Bless America” is “Assbead micro gel” misspelled?

Maybe “House of Worship” is “Whore of his opus,” or, “Whore sushi poof” misspelled?

Maybe “Christian Fellowship” is “Lisa, his elf porn witch,” or, “Elf porn with ass chili,” misspelled?

Maybe “Assembly of God” is “Bloody fag mess,” misspelled?

Maybe “Praise Jesus” is “Jesus is rape,” misspelled?

Maybe “Pensacola Christian College” is “Gil selects a choice anal porn,” misspelled?
— D. Boyd

petersansone wrote:
Everything in my post stands.

Everything youʼre saying falls flat on its face when put under scrutiny.


petersansone wrote:
A true adept in the occult would laugh at your quotations of Funk and Wagner etc….…

Who cares what a minority of self-deluded occultists think?

Hereʼs what Andrew stated, and what youʼre saying has nothing to do with the points he brought up:

Andrew: Lucifer-the light bearer.Its intresting to note that the ancient Jews didnt have a lucifer or satan conscept.That was adapted later through cultrual minglings of other beliefs.Satan seems to be an entirely differant dude then lucifer though the christion religion morghed those two seperate consepts together.The talking snake in the garden of eden in pagan religions was a fertality symbol and the symbol of immortality.Snakes shed there skin and the ancients thought the old skin was the original dead snake and the new one was a entirely born agian snake.Since this was a fertality symbol and the symbol of immortality,it is no surprise this snake was by the tree of life and the tree of knowledge of good and evil.This pagan deity got incorporated into Babolonian mythology wich the hebrews incorporated into the Torah.

What an occultist does or does not believe is indifferent to the point of Andrewʼs post. Here is something thatʼs of relevance:

Acts:23:8: For the Sadducees say that there is no resurrection, neither angel, nor spirit: but the Pharisees confess both. (KJV)

Why didnʼt the Sadducees believe in Angels or an afterlife? Because these were foreign concepts which slowly integrated themselves into ancient Jewish religion.

Content of the Apocrypha

“For a greater understanding of the history of Judaism and Christianity, these books are well worth studying. The Apocrypha illuminates Jewish thought during the years between the close of the Old Testament and the beginning of the New Testament. Many concepts that are taken for granted in the New Testament are hardly mentioned in the Old Testament, such as angels and demons, as well as reward and punishment in the afterlife.”
Source: The Missing Books of the Bible, Volume One, p. 8
Ottenheimer Publishers, 1996
Purchased from Christian Book Distributors

As noted on the page you were so vehemently discrediting as “biased”, hereʼs a small fact that was stated on it:
1Chr:21:1: And Satan stood up against Israel, and provoked David to number Israel.(KJV) is the first time the word “Satan” appears in the Old Testament. The parallel account of Davidʼs numbering Israel (same account, different book)
2Sm:24:1: And again the anger of the Lord was kindled against Israel, and he moved David against them to say, Go, number Israel and Judah. (KJV) So, who moved David to number Israel? Satan or the Lord?

The word “Satan” does not even appear until the end of the Old Testament because it was not a concept which the early Hebrews believed in.
The Hebrews believed “The Lord” was the giver of evil:
Is:45:7: I form the light, and create darkness: I make peace, and create evil: I the Lord do all these things. (KJV)

Not one mention of Satan.

Hereʼs more on the reliability of these “concepts” found in ancient texts:
Jude:1:14: And Enoch also, the seventh from Adam, prophesied of these, saying, Behold, the Lord cometh with ten thousands of his saints,
[Jude is speaking of the book of Enoch]
Jude:1:6: And the angels which kept not their first estate, but left their own habitation, he hath reserved in everlasting chains under darkness unto the judgment of the great day. (KJV)

That is no other than the old myth of the Titans who were cast down and bound in Tartarus, “The lowest hell”.

Reference: Topical Study on ‘Tartarus’ (Forerunner Commentary) :: Bible Tools …In Greek mythology, Tartarus was the lowest hell, the place where the Titans (who rebelled …To add to the imagery, they are bound in “chains of darkness…

Think “Revelation and the Bottomless Pit”.

And what do scholars think of the “Book of Enoch”?
Well, we know it doesnʼt appear anywhere in any mainstream Bible.
Why is that?

What Was the Purpose of the Scape Goat?

[…] “In later Jewish theology, the apocryphal book of Enoch uses Azazel as the name for one of the fallen angels. But there is no evidence for the existence of a demon by that name in Mosesʼ day. Enochʼs elaborate demonology is admittedly late (c. 200 B.C.) and often uses the late aramaic forms for these names. It is clear that they are all of postbiblical invention.
Source: Hard Sayings of the Bible, (c)1996 Intervarsity Press, p. 159

Why did Jude [a book found in the New Testament] quote from a fraudulent text which some tried to pass itself off as writings of Adamʼs seventh son?

Andrewʼs point was well made. Mythical concepts crept into ancient Jewish theology.

petersansone wrote: etw-
You may disregard the occult but noted writers on history such as Nesta Webster document that occult groups have had a tremendous impact on history. Example: The Jacobins aka masons/jesuits were responsible for instigating the French Revolution. But lets leave the occult out of this since its to vast and complicated to go into.

So have a lot of things. Does that make any of the citations Iʼve given “incorrect”?

You stated that the Ancient Hebrews had no concept of Satan/Lucifer. And yet Satan is recorded in the OT several times. As I noted, the Septuagint which was written by rabbinic scholars in 250bc notes the Satanic references in Chronicles, Job, and Zechariah as “the Devil”. Clearly then, the concept of Satan was established in antiquity.

From “‘Curse on the Serpent’ in Genesis Bites the Dust”
“While Iʼm discussing the tale of the poor cursed serpent, I should add that there isnʼt the slightest evidence that the “serpent” had any connection with “Satan.” Thatʼs a later Christian invention. “Satan” is not even mentioned in the whole book of Genesis, not when Cain kills Abel, nor when the “whole world” turns away from God prior to “the Flood,” nor at “the tower of Babel” incident, which also “displeased” God. No mention of “Satan” anywhere. (Of course regardless of the fact that Genesis nowhere mentions “Satan,” Christian apologists still have no trouble finding “Satan” wherever and whenever they need to. In fact they find “Satan” lurking behind everything going on in the world today, and of course also find him hiding inside that serpent mentioned in Genesis, except they do not want to take seriously every verse concerning that serpent, namely that “Satan” was “craftier than any beast of the field which the Lord God had made,” and “Satan,” was “cursed more than any beast of the field, more than all cattle…to go upon his belly and eat dust all the days of his life.”

Itʼs plain to see there is no mention of “Satan” in the original Hebrew fable***, just a “crafty talking serpent,” whom Yahweh curses by washing its mouth out with dirt for the rest of its life - a fable in the most Aesopian sense of the word.

***And why indeed, with an event of such incredibly monumental significance as the “war in heaven” between God and the fallen angels (that Milton wrote of so eloquently), why did neither the authors of the creation stories, nor later editors of Genesis think to mention such a “war” even though they were allegedly inspired by God to write their “Godʼs eye view” of “the beginning” of all things. Neither did the author of Job (with his “Godʼs eye view” of matters) in which he saw “Satan” entering Godʼs holy court unmolested, mention any such “war.” Satan back then was just Godʼs chief accuser, a sort of heavenly D.A.

Even the earliest reference in the Bible to a fall of “Lucifer” isnʼt speaking of Satan, but the word “Lucifer” was a loan word referring to an ancient god of a rival culture. Only after a period of centuries in the development of Hebrew religious conceptions did people start talking about “Satanʼs” “fall from heaven,” and make him “prince of this world,” “prince of the power of the air,” etc. In fact, the intertestamental Book of Enoch is the first to eloquently explain “Satanʼs” “fall from heaven,” before even the N.T. mentioned such a thing. (The Book of Enoch also explained other things as well, to the great embarrassment of whomever connected the name of a revered Biblical patriarch with a collection of utter nonsense. Oh, and the Book of Enoch and Judeʼs endorsement of a direct quotation from it, attributing it to “Enoch, the seventh from Adam,” is yet another source of embarrassment for “Bible believers.” Itʼs interesting that the intertestamental Book of Jubilees circa, 200 B.C. was the first to mention the biblical patriarch “Enoch” as a writer of many books, and soon after that or perhaps contemporaneously with that, the earliest writings attributed to “Enoch, the seventh from Adam” began appearing, various portions of them dated anywhere from 150 B.C. to the late first century A.D., and later collected into what is now known as 1st Enoch.)

Serpent figures were common in the ancient world, and the description in Genesis of the serpent being stepped on and biting the heel of the seed of woman is merely a generic description of conflict. Hardly proof of anything. Consider Genesis, chapter 49 when Jacob blesses his children before his death, part of his blessing to Dan in verse 17 is: “May Dan be a snake beside the road, a viper by the path, that bites the heels of the horse so that its rider falls backward,” (NET Bible). The generic term for serpent, “nahash,” is used here (just as in Genesis when the “nahash” spoke to Eve). Most commentators believe that the serpent image in this passage is positive since this is a blessing. Dan, though a small tribe, will be as shrewd as a serpent, able to bite its enemiesʼ heels so that they are defeated.
[NET Bible, 131, note no. 6; Sailhamer, 278; Henry, 92; The Wycliffe Bible Commentary, 46; H. C. Leupold, Leupold on the Old Testament. Vol. 2, Exposition of Genesis (Grand Rapids: Baker Book House and The Wartburg Press, 1942), 1188-1189]

In the story of Eveʼs temptation, the generic term for “serpent” is used, a “nahash.” And that generic serpent is merely described as being “crafty,” the Hebrew word being “arum,” a word which is not necessarily negative, but suggests wisdom and adroitness, or being shrewd or clever.
[The Wycliffe Bible Commentary, 6-7; John H. Sailhamer, “Genesis,” in The Expositorʼs Bible Commentary, vol. 2, ed. Frank E. Gaebelein (Grand Rapids: The Zondervan Corporation, 1990), 50]

A Failed Prophecy!
The Serpent to eat dust in Genesis?
…]
The Serpent to eat dust in a coming kingdom prophecied by Isaiah?

huh?

Canʼt be both, now can it?

“And the Lord God said to the serpent, ‘Because you have done this, cursed are you more than all cattle and more than every beast of the field; on your belly shall you go, and dust shall you eat all the days of your life.’” (Gen. 3:14)

Final bonus question: Compare the way Isaiah employed a very similar phrase to the one found in Genesis: “The wolf and the lamb shall feed together, and the lion shall eat straw like the bullock: and DUST SHALL BE THE SERPENTʼs MEAT. They shall not hurt nor destroy in all my holy mountain, saith the Lord.” Isa. 65:25 (KJV)

In this verse the “dust” the serpent eats is its literal “meat,” and not a metaphor at all. Though I wonder by what miracle a serpent or snake will be able to eat “dust” as its “meat.” That sounds more like an earthworm than a serpent or snake. So the serpent does finally “eat dust,” and in quite a literal fashion, but only in the coming kingdom. Amazing how one Scripture writer built on anotherʼs use of a phrase, but in a way in which one Scripture writer so twists anotherʼs earlier words that you wind up being reminded of the head twisting scene in THE EXORCIST.

“petersansone” wrote: In addition the Dictionary of Judaism notes the following on Satan:
“Satan (from the Heb noun meaning adversary) a member of the heavenly court whose primary adversarial function is to accuse in legal disputes. The Noun usually appears with the definite article, indicating a role rather then a personal name. In Zechariah 3 he and the angel of Yahweh dispute Joshuaʼs fitness for the high priesthood. In Job 1-2 accusation leads to testing”….etc.

A PERSIAN INVENTION
Glossary
…in Job and Zechariah, or whether the ‘adversary’ is to …the development of the idea of Satan that is …Probably under the influence of Persian ideology, there …

Satan (Greek: Satan or Satanas) as used in the New Testament is a word of Hebrew origin. It means the accuser, the adversary, the opponent, the prosecution (in a legal case). In the Greek New Testament the Hebrew word Satan is often translated into the Greek word diabolos, which most commonly is translated into English as Devil. Diabolos means the accuser, slanderer, calumniator, backbiter, enemy, one who separates.

It is during the late postexilic period (after ca. 200 b.c.) and in the intertestamental literature that one first finds the development of the idea of Satan that is assumed in the nt writings. Probably under the influence of Persian ideology, there developed in Hebrew thought the idea of a dualism rampant in the created order—a dualism of good versus evil. There existed already the idea that God had a heavenly host, a group of messengers to carry out his work and orders. The Persians also believed in a ruler over the powers of evil, who had many servants in this realm known as demons. The Hebrews could easily understand and assimilate such thinking into their already existing ideas, but they had not yet developed any idea of a major being as a leader of the forces of evil. Thus, in the development of the religious thinking of the Jewish people, several different names were used to designate the leader of those forces hostile to God: the devil, Belial (also Beliar), Mastemah, Apollyon (meaning the ‘Destroyer’), Sammael, Asmodeus, or Beelzebub. Satan, however, came to be the most usual designation (in Greek, Satan was translated as ‘the devil’). Another interesting development took place during this period: the figure of the devil or Satan came to be identified with ‘the serpent’ of Genesis 3.

Try this link too:
The Bible for Dummies
Surprisingly, most of what people believe about Satan does not come from the Bible. For instance, the common image of Satan as a forked-tailed horned demon with a goatʼs body from the waist down derives more from the Greek god Pan than anything biblical. What, then, does the Bible say about Satan?

The Hebrew name Satan (pronounced sa-tan) actually means “adversary,” and most often in the Hebrew Bible it is prefaced by the direct object, meaning “the adversary” rather than a distinct personal name. Satanʼs role grows more developed both in scope and magnitude through time, and, thus, in the earlier writings of the Hebrew Bible, Satan exists not so much as an individual character but as an adversarial position occupied by both humans and angels.

[…]

Many scholars attribute Satanʼs development from an adversary to the archenemy of God to the influence of the Persian religion Zoroastrianism. This religion is a lot like Star Wars, in which two opposing forces, one good and the other evil, struggle for control of the universe. Yet, the New Testament preserves the Hebrew Bibleʼs notion of Satan as far inferior to God and needing to get Godʼs permission before “raising hell” on earth (see, for example, Luke 22:31). Following the biblical period, Medieval theologians reinterpreted passages such as Isaiah 14 and Ezekiel 28, in which Babylonian and Phoenician kings are condemned for pride, as descriptions about Satan. In fact, the name Lucifer comes from a Latin translation of Isaiah 14:12, in which the Babylonian king is linked to a fallen Morning Star, called in Latin lucern ferre (“bearer of light”).

Therefore Judaism does acknowledge the reality of Satan in the scriptures as well as upholding the christian position that Satan is the accuser of Gods people.

See above.

You noted that the Sadducces where not in favor of the afterlife and spirit world. Yet you never bothered to note the truth that the Phariseeʼs were in favor of these concepts. This shows that not all of Israel was against the spirit world. The Pharisee were also far more in number then the Sadducces and more versed in scripture.

It goes to prove the concept was spreading in Hebrew religion. Havenʼt you ever heard of “Lilith”, Adamʼs first wife? Rabbinic lore had it that Eve was made his second wife, and the scorned Lilith fled. Later she was reinvented into a succubus and became a demon which attacked newborn babies because she never had one. Myths evolve like that.

You also quoted from the book of Enoch and questioned why this apocraphyl book was not included in the canon of scripture. Jude quotes from this book but only one passage which was permissible to be included in the Canon of scripture. Paul also quoted in Acts from the gentile poet but that does not mean that this poetʼs writings were scripture. It was permissible to include quotations from selected writings which were conducive to put forth the point which the Word of God was making.

Is it permissible to quote from the Satanic Bible in Church? Afterall, the concept of Satan appears in the Bible, therefore theyʼre one in the same (at least thatʼs your reasoning.) Itʼs likewise acceptable to preach from the Q’ran, it too acknowledges Abraham and Isaac and Jacob and even mentions Jesus.

This does not entail that the entire body of material from which the quote was taken should also be included in scripture. The fact is the Hebrews were responsible for maintaining their own scriptures which they did meticulously. Apocryphal books may contain some truths or even entire bodies of truth, but still are not considered to be the Word of God or Divine revelation. This decision was made by the Jewish an christian scholars via councils. The Holy Spiritʼs role included.
Incidently, the New Testament was completely written by Jews/Israelites. Jesus Himself was a Jew. Paul was an extremely well qualified Pharisee who trained under Gamaliel. All of these Jewish men quoted passages form the Old Testament affirming the christian doctrines of the faith such as Lucifers fall from grace, his becoming Satan. The reality of the fall of angels and their co-habitation with women in Gen 6. The eventual ruin of Satan and casting into the Lake of Fire. Eternal punishment etc. The early church fathers also have reinforced these teachings on Satan, Lucifer, Hell etc such as Mathetes epistle to Diognetus Ch. 10; Polycarp epistle to the Philippians Ch. 7; Ignatius to the Ephesians Ch. 19; Ignatius to the Magnesians Ch.5; Ignatius epistle to the Philadelphians Ch. 3; Ignatius epistle to the Smyrnaeons Ch. 7 (directly connects serpent of Genesis 3 with Satan of Zech 3); The epistle of Barnabas Ch. 18; First Apology of Justin Martyr Ch. 8,10, 19, 25, 26, 28, 40,44, 45, 47.
These passages affirm that such notions of the spirit world were not merely christian inventions since the early church was mostly Jewish. The fact is the NT is a Jewish document with the exception of Lukes books. Anyone who claims that Jews did not believe in the concept of Lucifer/Satan etc is not maintaining honest scholarship. The temptation to deny Jews their heritage simply because they believed that Jesus was the fulfillment of ancient Jewish messianic prophecy smacks of bias.
Finally, it should be noted that even though some Jews may not have believed in the concept of Satan/Lucifer, the Jews have proven that they struggled with many of their own teachings as evidenced by the historical fact that they were deported out of their land twice in 700b.c. by the Assyrians and in 586 b.c. by the Babylonians. The bible states these punishments were for disobedience to their God and His Word. Should we then take their stance on scripture as certifiable fact? This last point I mention hypothetically…
Take care…

I donʼt care much for creeds, dogma and interpretations. You know what they say about opinions and @holes—“Everyone has one”

Christian Meta-groups
…of a group of independent denominations, sects, and independent churches numbering in excess of 30,000 worldwide. …of almost a hundred denominations, of which…

Yet nearly every single one of those thirty thousand likely believe they hold the monopoly on the “one and only truth”.

BALAAMʼs ASS: Were You the Unchurched?
…And so I became a proto-Christian. Which opened yet another question: which one of these 40,000 Christian sects and denominations is the “true” Church?…

See more by Googling.

petersansone wrote: etw-
You disregarded my points which where based on sound accepted theological documentation. You searched and produced websites that match your opinions. Thats your right.

Thatʼs not exactly fair. I form my “opinions” based on sound research.

You also mentioned religions such as zoroastrianism which goes into the occult situation I mentioned before. You might not think that religions are the occult but occultists such as Crowley, Pike, and Blavatsky disagree with you and they are founders and experts on the occult and its mystery religions. You donʼt understand the nature of this situation which includes all religions against The Holy Bible and its True God. Unsaved people really cannot understand these spritual things. You may not realize this, but much of what you have noted on Lucifer comes from the occult. You do not understand the occult not do you understand where and when it emerged. I could not get you caught up on this point. To bad you never attended classes where I taught on this subject. Let me cut to the bottom line however.

We can argue these points forever but they are really not the issue. The issue is you do not believe in God

But I do not need to believe in the Bible to hold a belief in God. ;)

Actually I am a Deist, (Sharon) Edʼs Webmaster (etb for edwardtbabinski) wm for webmaster. :)
Even Ed is an Agnostic and not an Atheist. We both have healthy skepticism on a lot of issues, the Bible being only one of them.

and therefore you disregard the scriptures from Genesis to Revelation. I, on the other hand, believe in God, am a born again christian, and have placed my soul in the hands of Yahweh and His Son Yeshua. You continue on your path and Iʼll continue on mine. Thank you for the discussion. Bye now…

Ditto, thoroughly enjoyed the stimulating conversation with you!

Returned on February 11, 2005 and picked up on more conversation:

“Stevie K”
petersanone wrote:Your site claims, as you do, that Lucifer is a pagan myth such as Venus etc. Indeed Lucifer means light bearer. Lucifer is the chief god of the pagans/mystery religions which one can find out by reading the masonic bible where the author Albert Pike points this out. You may even want to read that book though its over 700 pages long. I have it and it is very interesting. Anyways, Lucifer is also known as Venus, Sirius, Zeus, etc. All these terms are meant to point to the pagan belief that Lucifer provides the light and hidden knowledge of mans true deity and ultimate godhood. This is the secret of the mystery religions so consider yourself initiated into the mystery of the mystery religions and free of charge at that. Top level occultists also believe that Lucifer is the true God and not Yahweh. Only a person who has put in the time and effort to read the primary occult source books will know this truth. Have you?

Lucifer in no way is harmonious with Zeus, Venus, etc. nor any other of the Greco/Roman gods as you claim save maybe Apollo, Pan, and Bacchus. But he has nothing to do with the other principal Gods nor their worship. This is extreme misinformation and Iʼm sure if that book was written by anyone of even slight knowledge of popular religion of the time they made no such claims and you are merely misquoting them to back your own argument. Iʼm sure someone else in this thread has already addressed this, but I was too lazy to search for it.

Lucifer is the Latin name for the first star seen in the morning, the morning star, and has little to do with actual light or enlightenment. He merely signals the coming of Apolloʼs chariots (the Sun). Thus the term light bearer. Nothing more nothing less. However, Apollo is associated with knowledge and understanding as well as the arts and many other things of the sort that most people attribute to Lucifer, which is a huge misconception.

Hereʼs what Google turned up: Latin Vulgate Jerome Lucifer

The Name “Lucifer"
…Hebrew word “heylel” is used and Jerome translated this into Latin s “lucifer”! …But in the Latin Vulgate translation of Jerome it appears twice!…

Lucifer - where did the word come from and what is its true meaning?
…How did the translation “lucifer” arise? This word comes from Jeromeʼs Latin Vulgate. Was Jerome in error? Not at all. In Latin at the time,…

The answer was a surprise. In the original Hebrew text, the fourteenth chapter of Isaiah is not about a fallen angel, but about a fallen Babylonian king, who during his lifetime had persecuted the children of Israel. It contains no mention of Satan, either by name or reference. The Hebrew scholar could only speculate that some early Christian scribes, writing in the Latin tongue used by the Church, had decided for themselves that they wanted the story to be about a fallen angel, a creature not even mentioned in the original Hebrew text, and to whom they gave the name “Lucifer.”

Why Lucifer? In Roman astronomy, Lucifer was the name given to the morning star (the star we now know by another Roman name, Venus). The morning star appears in the heavens just before dawn, heralding the rising sun. The name derives from the Latin term lucem ferre, bringer, or bearer, of light.” In the Hebrew text the expression used to describe the Babylonian king before his death is Helal, son of Shahar, which can best be translated as “Day star, son of the Dawn.” The name evokes the golden glitter of a proud kingʼs dress and court (much as his personal splendor earned for King Louis XIV of France the appellation, “The Sun King”).

The scholars authorized by …King James I to translate the Bible into current English did not use the original Hebrew texts, but used versions translated …largely by St. Jerome in the fourth century. Jerome had mistranslated the Hebraic metaphor, “Day star, son of the Dawn,” as “Lucifer,” and over the centuries a metamorphosis took place. Lucifer the morning star became a disobedient angel, cast out of heaven to rule eternally in hell. Theologians, writers, and poets interwove the myth with the doctrine of the Fall, and in Christian tradition Lucifer is now the same as Satan, the Devil, and—ironically—the Prince of Darkness.

So “Lucifer” is nothing more than an ancient Latin name for the morning star, the bringer of light. That can be confusing for Christians who identify Christ himself as the morning star, a term used as a central theme in many Christian sermons. Jesus refers to himself as the morning star in Revelation 22:16: “I Jesus have sent mine angel to testify unto you these things in the churches. I am the root and the offspring of David, and the bright and morning star.”

Is Satan “Lucifer”?
…from Jeromeʼs translation of the Bible (AD 383-405) known as the Latin Vulgate. Jerome, likely believing that the term was describing the planet Venus,…

Who Is Lucifer? : Christian Courier
…The term “Lucifer” was taken by the King James Version translators from Jeromeʼs Latin Vulgate (383-405 AD) edition of the Bible.

The word “Lucifer” never appeared in the Bible until Jerome translated the scriptures into the Vulgate (Latin Bible) and used the term meaning “phosphorous or light bearer”. After doing so, the early Christians made the association between “Lucifer” and “Satan”. Funny how one myth takes root on another and grows like that. Since that time Satan and Lucifer have been one in the same. But petersanone, it was not so during the time Isaiah was written. Isaiah was addressing the King of Babylon, prophecying of his demise. Isaiah 14:12 has nothing to do with a mythical dragon or devil. Isaiah draws the comparison (poetically) between the King of Babylon and the god Helel who like Venus was a morning star. You see people in those days did not have any extensive knowledge of Astronomy—Astrology is not Astronomy and still to this day we have Greek myths painted in the heavens. Ancient man believed stars in heaven were “gods” and today we know better…stars can be a number of things, including distant suns—but they are not gods.

Read what Isaiah says in context:
Is:14:12: How art thou fallen from heaven, O Lucifer, son of the morning! how art thou cut down to the ground, which didst weaken the nations!
Isaiah speaking with a certain amount of sarcasm, comparing the King to a god

Is:14:15: Yet thou shalt be brought down to hell, to the sides of the pit.

Is:14:16: They that see thee shall narrowly look upon thee, and consider thee, saying, Is this the man that made the earth to tremble, that did shake kingdoms;
Is Satan a man?

Is:14:17: That made the world as a wilderness, and destroyed the cities thereof; that opened not the house of his prisoners?
Is Satan a charity?

Is:14:19: But thou art cast out of thy grave like an abominable branch, and as the raiment of those that are slain, thrust through with a sword, that go down to the stones of the pit; as a carcase trodden under feet.
More of Isaiahʼs distaste of the Babylonian King

Is:14:20: Thou shalt not be joined with them in burial, because thou hast destroyed thy land, and slain thy people: the seed of evildoers shall never be renowned.
Satan had “people” to him?

Is:14:22:For I will rise up against them, saith the Lord of hosts, and cut off from Babylon the name, and remnant, and son, and nephew, saith the Lord. Needless to say, the prophecy against the King of Babylon followed by prophecies against Babylonʼs neighbor, Assyria: Is:14:25: That I will break the Assyrian in my land, and upon my mountains tread him under foot: then shall his yoke depart from off them, and his burden depart from off their shoulders.

“petersanone” wrote:Lucifer is the chief god of the pagans/mystery religions which one can find out by reading the masonic bible where the author Albert Pike points this out. You may even want to read that book though its over 700 pages long. I have it and it is very interesting. Anyways, Lucifer is also known as Venus, Sirius, Zeus, etc. All these terms are meant to point to the pagan belief that Lucifer provides the light and hidden knowledge of mans true deity and ultimate godhood. This is the secret of the mystery religions so consider yourself initiated into the mystery of the mystery religions and free of charge at that. Top level occultists also believe that Lucifer is the true God and not Yahweh. Only a person who has put in the time and effort to read the primary occult source books will know this truth. Have you?

Prior post points out “Lucifer” was merely a word Jerome picked out to use in place of “Morning Star” or a Canaanite desert god named Helel. [Just an old forgotten character in a long forgotten myth.]

Isaiah 14:12 has nothing to do with a mythical dragon or devil. Isaiah draws the comparison (poetically) between the King of Babylon and the god Helel who like Venus was a morning star. You see people in those days did not have any extensive knowledge of Astronomy—Astrology is not Astronomy and still to this day we have Greek myths painted in the heavens. Ancient man believed stars in heaven were “gods” and today we know better…stars can be a number of things, including distant suns—but they are not gods.

Is:14:12: How art thou fallen from heaven, O Lucifer (morning star), son of the morning! how art thou cut down to the ground, which didst weaken the nations! (KJV)

Imagine that!

The planet Venus falling on the earth. It couldnʼt even “fall” petersanone—falling depends on gravity. Venus has its own gravity. All matter has gravity. Although hypothetically if Venus changed its orbit (though highly unlikely) Earth and Venus could “collide” but that would not qualify as “venus falling to earth”. People at that time in history, believed the earth was flat, on fixed foundations and a bowl or dome (modeled after the Egyptian sky god nut in some depictions) lay over the earth from horizon to horizon. Up within this heavenly “dome” resided the gods. So “gods” or “stars” could fall or be cast down to earth by wars in heaven.

Rv:9:1: And the fifth angel sounded, and I saw a star fall from heaven unto the earth: and to him was given the key of the bottomless pit. (KJV)

We know better than that today…stars are not gods. Stars do not “fall from heaven”. Meteorites may cross paths with the earthʼs orbit, enter our atmosphere and burning up and in the ignorant view of ancient man the tiny lights in the sky (suns, moons, planets, comets, etc) appeared to be approximately the same size of a meteorite when it entered the earthʼs atmosphere.

A sun falling on the earth. LOL

Surfing for Sunbeams: The Sun is a Star
Our Sun is A Star. The Sun is a star. This is a basic fact which is very often overlooked. The Sun is such a familiar object in the…

Ask Dr. Elliot - Our sun IS a star PHYSICS & ASTRONOMY…Our sun IS a star.

NASA - A Star Is a Big Ball of Gas
…Credit: NASA A star is born in a nebula. A nebula is a cloud of gas and dust in space. Our Sun is a star. It is a yellow star. (But donʼt look straight at it.…

This is not a matter of mystery anymore. It is a matter of common sense. If a star fell on the earth, all earthlings would be toast.

These are not hidden mysteries, they are simply ignorance of ancient man. Weʼve came a long way since then.

Book of Revelation

Revelation and Enoch

Was the Book of Revelation based primarily on a vision that someone had; or was it based primarily on borrowing passages from ancient literature, combining them in imaginative ways, and opening the book “as though” all of the following information had been received in a “visionary” fashion? I ask this because scholars have discovered that many of the symbols, ideas, and even some phrases and sentences, were borrowed from Daniel, Ezekiel, Psalms, and other Old Testament books, as well as from some Jewish and Christian apocryphal works such as 2 Esdras and the Book Enoch—see footnotes in the Oxford Study Bible, New Jerusalem Bible, New International Bible, and the New English Bible. (Much more on the “Enoch” connection below!)

For instance, the description of Jesus in Revelation 1:13-15 could have been taken from Daniel 7:9,13; 10:5-6, 15-19; and Ezekiel 43:2. (There are also similarities with 1 Enoch 46:1f, the Apocalypse of Abraham 11:2, and other apocryphal works.) Revelation 1:13-15 even borrows several terms from Daniel, including the white robe (Dan 7:9), hair as wool (Dan 7:9; also 1 Enoch 46:1f), blazing throne (Dan 7:9), wheels of fire (Dan 7:9), cloud with the Son of Man (Dan 7:13), fiery eyes (Dan 10:6), Golden belt (Dan 10:5), beryl (Dan 10:6) and other gems, and burnished bronze feet (arms and face in Dan 10:6). Believers in the inerrancy of Scripture would argue that the writers of Daniel and Revelation were seeing the same vision. Others believe that Revelation plagiarizes terms from Daniel, done in order to make Revelation look authentic.

Another indication that the book of Revelation was an edited literary creation are its repetitions (chapters 7 and 14, 13 and 17, etc.) that indicate it may be the product of two or more literary efforts that were later combined and edited together into one. To quote Kevin Henke (a friend who has compared different commentaries on Rev.): “The end of chapter 6, like several other chapters in Revelation, has a scene that looks like the end of the bad guys (of Rev. 19). They appear cornered, and it looks like Jesus is ready to finish them off for good. However, beginning in chapter 7, the battle simply begins again. These ‘endings that begin again’ indicate that the Book of Revelation may be a series of ‘cut and pasted’ apocalyptic works. Clearly the ending of chapter 6 belongs with the final judgment sequence in chapter 19. Further evidence that Revelation has been edited and stitched together from more than one document is provided by the “doublings” that appear throughout the book. The sky is destroyed and then reappears more than once (6:14, 8:12, 12:4); verses seem to be out of chronological order (7:9; 9:20-21; 11:1-2; 11:15f; 11:19b; etc.); and after being told not to worship angels in 19:10, ‘John’ repeats the mistake again (22:8-9). Inerrantists might argue that ‘John’ was using repetition as poetry, or to doubly stress certain points, but others find such repetitions illogical and contradictory. In short, the Book of Revelation appears to be a somewhat carelessly edited combination of at least two synoptic ‘Protorevelation’ manuscripts—which themselves were each created by stitching together ideas and phrases from Hebrew Old Testament and intertestamental works… The darkness curse is repeated in 6:12 and 8:12. A literal reading of chapters 6-16 indicates that the sun is going on and off like a light bulb. Again, it is likely that 16:10, 8:12, and 6:12 are semi-parallel accounts from different and conflicting Protorevelation manuscripts.”

If the book of Revelation was primarily a literary creation, that is not to say that its author(s) may not have felt “inspired” as they strung together borrowed apocalyptic symbols and phrases, and combined them imaginatively. Perhaps the author(s) of Revelation felt like Hal Lindsey did when he wrote The Late Great Planet Earth—an enormous bestseller from the 1970s that featured everything Hal had been taught at Dallas Theological Seminary, combined with Halʼs imaginative interpretations of “todayʼs headlines.” Hal even argued that although there no longer existed any “inspired writers” of new Biblical Scriptures, there did exist “inspired interpreters” of Scripture and suggested he was probably one. So, he admitted that he definitely felt “inspired.” However, it would appear that in both cases (the book of Revelation and The Late Great Planet Earth) what we see are literary citations of previous works, mixed with the authorʼs imagination, and, I might add, failed predictions. Footnote: Revelation has not always enjoyed unanimous approval. Several early Church Fathers and Luther doubted or denied its canonicity. The Churches of Syria, Palestine and Cappadocia did not include Revelation in their canons until the 5th Century AD (New Jerusalem Bible, p. 2028).

Why is the First Book of Enoch Important for Studying the Book of Revelation?

The book of 1st Enoch is the oldest of the “books of Enoch,” and it begins by claiming it is an account of heavenly “visions” that “Enoch” saw. That type of “revelatory” beginning would be used by other apocalyptic writers, including the writer of the book of Revelation. Yet no one today believes that the “First Book of Enoch” contains authentic “heavenly visions” (among them, descriptions of an indubitably flat earth), nor even believes that the visions were those of “Enoch, the seventh from Adam,” regardless of the fact that the book begins by mentioning “Enochʼs” name and visionary claims. So if the heavenly “visions of Enoch” in 1st Enoch are literary fabrications, what might that imply about the book of Revelation? 1 Enoch 1:1 “The word of the blessing of Enoch, how he blessed the elect and the righteous, who were to exist in the time of trouble; to the rejection of all the wicked and ungodly (Ps. 1). Enoch, a righteous man, was with God, answered and spoke, while his eyes were open, and while he saw a holy vision which was in the heavens (Gen. 5:24). This the angel showed me.”
1 Enoch 1:2 “From them I heard all things, and understood what I saw; that which will not take place in this generation, but in a generation which is to succeed at a distant period, on account of the elect.” (cf. Dan. 12:4).
1 Enoch 1:3 “Upon their account I spoke and conversed with him, who will go forth from this habitation, the Holy and Mighty One, the God of the world.”
(See Edmund J. Roacheʼs, The Kingdom of Heaven is at Hand)

Other Comparisons Between 1st Enoch and New Testament Scriptures

1st Enoch
1st Enoch 10:15,16 “To Michael also, the Lord said, Go and announce his crime to Samyaza and to the others who are with him who have been associated with women [the crime of angels associating with humanity and thus spreading sinfulness on earth]… Bind them for seventy generations under the earth, even to the day of judgment, and of consummation until the judgment which shall last forever be completed. Then shall they be taken away into the lowest depths of the fire in torments, and in confinement shall they be shut up forever.”

New Testament

Jude 6 “The angels which kept not their first estate, but left their own habitation, he hath reserved in everlasting chains under darkness, unto the judgment of the great day.”
2 Peter 2:4 “God spared not the angels when they sinned, but cast them down to hell, and committed them to pits of darkness, to be reserved unto judgment.”
Revelation 20:10 “The devil that deceived them was cast into the lake of fire and brimstone… and shall be tormented day and night forever.”

1 Enoch 18:13 also mentions seven falling stars that resemble burning mountains. They crash onto the Earth. There is another reference to a burning mountain in 1 Enoch 24:1-2, which is later echoed in Revelation 8:8.

1 Enoch 56:5 reveals that the Parthians and Medes were the eastern invaders of Rev. 9:47. They frequently terrorized the Roman Empire.
According to the “New Jerusalem Bible” the Parthians also represent the white rider of Rev. 6:2 and the attackers of Rev. 6:3

Numerous fragments of 1 Enoch were found among the so-called Dead Sea Scrolls at Qumran, and entire manuscripts of 1 Enoch have been found in Ethiopian monasteries. 1 Enoch, chapters 1-36 (also called, “The Book of the Watchers”), dates from between two to three centuries before Revelation was composed.

1st Enoch, Jude, and Lukeʼs 77 Generations

The First book of Enoch is quoted in the Christian Bible (Epistle of Jude 14-15). Its theory that the Messiah would arrive “seventy generations after Enoch” is present in the Gospel of Luke 3.23-38, where we read Lukeʼs genealogy of Jesus of Nazareth.

Like all genealogies in preliterate societies, it is not reliable: we may be confident that Jesusʼ father was a man named Joseph, but it is questionable whether his grandfather was indeed called Eli. (Matthew 1.16 calls him Jacob.) Going further back, the family tree becomes increasingly unreliable, although it is of course possible that the family of Jesus remembered correctly that it descended from David. The discovery of a first-century CE tomb of the ‘house of David’ in Jerusalem proves that descendants of the legendary king were recognized in Jesusʼ age.

The genealogical truth was, of course, not Lukeʼs real aim. He wanted to show that Jesus was of Davidic descent and could therefore be the Messiah. Luke plays an interesting game in this genealogy, which we can appreciate by comparing his text with its sources. /snip But why ‘seventy-seven’ generations? The answer lies in the First book of Enoch, a collection of texts that share an interest in the patriarch Enoch, about whom it is written that ‘he was taken away’ instead of ‘he died’ (Genesis 5.24). This line caused many to think that Enoch had ascended to heaven and had written reports about it. One of the five parts of 1 Enoch is the so-called ‘Book of the Watchers,’ which was written in the third century BCE. It describes the fall of the angels and their punishment:

And the Lord said to [the arch-angel] Raphael: ‘Bind [the rebel] Azazel hand and foot and throw him into the darkness!’ And Raphael made a hole in the desert, which was in Dudael, and cast him there. On top of him, he threw rugged and sharp rocks. And he covered Azazelʼs face in order that he may not see light and […] may be sent into the fire on the great day of judgment. […] And to Michael the Lord said: ‘[…] Bind them for seventy generations underneath the rocks of the ground until the day of their judgment is concluded.’ [1 Enoch 10.4-6, 11-12; tr. E. Isaac]

In other words, the day of judgment was to take place seventy generations after Enoch. Now this patriarch, “Enoch” was recorded as having lived in “the seventh generation from Adam,” and we may therefore conclude that the author of the Book of the Watchers assumed that the end of history would be in the seventy-seventh generation from Adam, or the seventieth generation from Enoch.

In another part of the First book of Enoch, the so-called ‘Book of Similitudes’ (first half first century BCE), we learn more about the last judgment. We read how the Messiah, who is said to be created before the universe and is called the ‘son of man’, will judge mankind, which has risen from the death.

Back to Luke. By making Jesus of Nazareth the seventy-seventh of the list, he is obviously playing with these thoughts. What he is in fact saying is that Jesus was the Messiah and that the last judgment is very, very near. After all, when Luke composed his gospel during the persecution by the emperor Domitian, there were only a few survivors of the generation of Jesus.

Bible Review, April 2003, Featured Three “Must Read” Articles on the Book of Enoch

“Enoch and Jesus” (Describes the fact that there were supernatural mediators in Jewish thought prior to Jesusʼ day, including “Enoch” Who also was portrayed as sitting at Godʼs right hand I think (I skimmed it a while back). Some Jews considered the “two throne” view heresy, and that there should only be a single throne in Heaven. Hence the high priestʼs tearing of his robe when Jesus allegedly said at his trial that he would be seen “seated at the right hand of God.”)
“Enochʼs Vision of the Next World”
(Unusual apocalyptic/eschatological teachings found in the Book of Enoch)
“Thatʼs No Gospel!” (Fascinating story about the detective work done on some Dead Sea Scroll papyrus fragments that a conservative Christian scholar had contended were from the book of Matthew, but it turns out, they were from the Book of Enoch instead)

The Importance of 1 Enoch

The importance of 1 Enoch is poorly appreciated outside the scholarly community. Comparison of its text with New Testament books reveals that many Enochian doctrines were taken over by early Christians. E. Isaac writes:
There is little doubt that 1 Enoch was influential in molding New Testament doctrines concerning the nature of the Messiah, the Son of Man, the messianic kingdom, demonology, the future, resurrection, final judgment, the whole eschatological theater, and symbolism. No wonder, therefore, that the book was highly regarded by many of the apostolic and Church Fathers [1986, 10].

First Enoch influenced Matthew, Luke, John, Acts, Romans, and several other New Testament books. The punishment of the fallen angels described in 2 Peter seems to come directly from 1 Enoch, as does much of the imagery (or even wording) in Revelation. The Epistle of Jude contains the most dramatic evidence of its influence when it castigates “enemies of religion” as follows:

It was to them that Enoch, the seventh in descent from Adam, directed his prophecy when he said: “I saw the Lord come with his myriads of angels, to bring all men to judgment and to convict all the godless of all the godless deeds they had committed, and of all the defiant words which godless sinners had spoken against him (Jude 14- 15).”
The inner quote, 1 Enoch 1:9, is found in the original Hebrew on a recently-published Qumran fragment [Shanks, 1987, 18]. By attributing prophecy to Enoch, Jude confers inspired status upon the book.

Many early Church Fathers cited the Book of Enoch (i.e., First Book of Enoch, or “Ethiopian Enoch”) and considered it to be a true historical work.
“The Book of Enoch enjoyed a high esteem among them, mainly owing to the quotation in Jude. The so-called Epistle of Barnabas twice cites Enoch as Scripture. Clement of Alexandria, Tertullian, Origen, and even St. Augustine suppose the work to be a genuine one of the patriarch.”
Source: www.frozenfrontier.com

Irenaeus and The Book of Enoch

Irenaeus draws heavily on 1 Enoch 6-9 when he writes the following:
And wickedness very long-continued and widespread pervaded all the races of men, until very little seed of justice was in them. For unlawful unions came about on earth, as angels linked themselves with offspring of the daughters of men, who bore to them sons, who on account of their exceeding great were called Giants. The angels, then, brought to their wives as gifts teachings of evil, for they taught them the virtues of roots and herbs, and dyeing and cosmetics and discoveries of precious materials, love-philtes, hatreds, amours, passions, constraints of love, the bonds of witchcraft, every sorcery and idolatry, hateful to God; and when this was come into the world, the affairs of wickedness were propagated to overflowing, and those of justice dwindled to very little.

Tatian, Clement of Alexandria and Tertullian all echo Irenaeusʼ statements and his use of 1 Enoch in attributing to the fallen angels the origin of the magic arts and cosmetics. It is not difficult to account for the influence of 1 Enoch on the early church writers. After all it was the only (what we now call) apocryphal book explicitly cited in the New Testament (Jude 14, cf. 1 Enoch 1:9). The Ethiopian church accepted the book into its canon and the writer of the Epistle of Barnabas approved of it,as did Tertullian, even though the majority rejected it. Interestingly some of the later Fathers doubted the canonicity of Jude precisely because it cited apocryphal books such as Enoch. The influence of the Book of Enoch and the popularity of the Septuagint (which translated “sons of God” as “angels”) in the early church may explain why no Christian writer challenged the view that the Sons of God were angels until the third century AD. With the rejection of the canonicity of Enoch there was a corresponding decline in the ‘angel’ interpretation of the ‘sons of God’. In a similar way the idea of a fall (or second fall) of the angels prior to the Flood drops out of theological history after the time of Lactantius. From that point on the view that the Sons of God were purely human - the descendants of Seth - began to dominate. As can be seen from Table 5.2 the other early references to the Sethite theory were found in Jewish sources that few of the early Christian would have had access to. It was not until after the middle of the second century that a Christian writer (Julius Africanus) suggested that the ‘sons of Godʼ were Sethites.

Tertullian wrote a fairly long passge in which he argued in favor of the Book of Enoch being historical:
On the Apparel of Women, Book One, Chapter III.
Concerning the Genuineness of “The Prophecy of Enoch.”
I am aware that the Scripture of Enoch, which has assigned this order (of action) to angels, is not received by some, because it is not admitted into the Jewish canon either. I suppose they did not think that, having been published before the deluge, it could have safely survived that world-wide calamity, the abolisher of all things. If that is the reason (for rejecting it), let them recall to their memory that Noah, the survivor of the deluge, was the great-grandson of Enoch himself; and he, of course, had heard and remembered, from domestic renown and hereditary tradition, concerning his own great-grandfatherʼs “grace in the sight of God,” and concerning all his preachings; since Enoch had given no other charge to Methuselah than that he should hand on the knowledge of them to his posterity. Noah therefore, no doubt, might have succeeded in the trusteeship of (his) preaching; or, had the case been otherwise, he would not have been silent alike concerning the disposition (of things) made by God, his Preserver, and concerning the particular glory of his own house. If (Noah) had not had this (conservative power) by so short a route, there would (still) be this (consideration) to warrant our assertion of (the genuineness of) this Scripture: he could equally have renewed it, under the Spiritʼs inspiration,after it had been destroyed by the violence of the deluge, as, after the destruction of Jerusalem by the Babylonian storming of it, every document of the Jewish literature is generally agreed to have been restored through Ezra.

“But since Enoch in the same Scripture has preached likewise concerning the Lord [i.e., “The Son of Man” figure in the Book of Enoch who comes in judgment according to that book. — E.T.B.], nothing at all must be rejected by us which pertains to us; and we read that “every Scripture suitable for edification is divinely inspired.” [See 2 Tim. iii. 16 — Interesting citation of 2 Tim, donʼt you think? Iʼve read elsewhere that this is one way of interpreting 2 Tim. — E.T.B.] By the Jews it may now seem to have been rejected for that (very) reason, just like all the other (portions) nearly which tell of Christ. Nor, of course, is this fact wonderful, that they did not receive some Scriptures which spake of Him whom even in person, speaking in their presence, they were not to receive. To these considerations is added the fact that Enoch possesses a testimony in the Apostle Jude.

ORIGIN cited the book of Enoch as a truthful endorsement of certain Christian beliefs in his De Principiis.

The Letter of Jude in the New Testament Cites the Book of Enoch and Calls that Citation a “Prophecy”

However, scholars doubt that an apostle wrote the so-called letter of “Jude.”
Kummel presents the reasons that most scholars suspect Jude to be a pseudepigraph (Introduction to the New Testament, pp. 428):
The author was presumably a Jewish Christian, since he knews such Jewish-apocalyptic writings as the Ascension of Moses (9) and the Enoch Apocalypse (14), and the Jewish legends (9, 11). But the author “speaks of the apostles like a pupil from a time long afterward” (17). Not only does he assume a concept of “a faith once for all delivered to the saints” (3), but against the statements of the false teachers of the End-tim, he adduces in similar manner Jewish and early Christian predictions (14 f, 17). All this points to a late phase of primitive Christianity, and the cultivated Greek language as well as the citations from a Greek translation of the Enoch Apocalypse do not well suit a Galilean. The supposition repeatedly presented that Jude really does come from a brother of the Lord is accordingly extremely improbable, and Jude must be considered a pseudonymous writing. That is all the more fitting if Jude 1 contains a reference to a pseudonymous James (see 27.4).
Norman Perrin writes the following on Jude (The New Testament: An Introduction, p. 260):
The letter is pseudonymous, as is all the literature of emergent catholicism in the New Testament.
The most interesting features of this letter are the characteristics of emergent Catholocism it exhibits. The letter speaks of “the faith once for all delivered to the saints”; faith is the acceptance of authoritative tradition, and the writer denounces the heretics and admonishes the faithful on the authority of that tradition. There is also evidence of a developing Christian liturgy. In verses 20-21, “pray in the Holy Spirit; keep yourselves in the love of God; wait for the mercy of our Lord Jesus Christ” testifies to the liturgical development of a trinitarian formula. The closing benediction is a magnificent piece of liturgical language, so different in style and tone from the remainder of the letter that the writer has probably taken it from the liturgy of his church. Jude is dependent on James, and II Peter is dependent on Jude, setting the terminus a quo and the terminus ad quem for this epistle. It would be fair to date it to the turn of the second century.

The Sealed Book” Motif

A Motif Shared by Daniel, Enoch and Revelation

Some verses in 1 Enoch were composed to give the reader the impression that the book had been written long ago for the sake of the elect of God who would one day find themselves in a time of trouble, a distant time of messianic expectation that the author foresaw. So “Enoch the seventh from Adam” was granted heavenly visions for that much later time and those visions finally found their way into books that simply appeared out of nowhere at just the right time in history.

The motif of books being “sealed up” or “not sealed up” is something that Daniel, Enoch, and Revelation all apparently share.

According to the author of the book of Daniel he was commanded to “seal up” his book “until the end of time”: “Conceal these words and seal up the book until the end of time. these words are concealed and sealed up until the end of time.” (Daniel 12:4,9) The book of Daniel was composed from the alleged point of view of a Jew living in ancient Persia who had visions of “the end of time,” or, “the end of the age,” when all men would “rise again” and be judged. (12:2,13) “Seal up the book,” he was commanded, or so the story goes.

Meanwhile, the author of Revelation tipped his hat to Daniel, and/or Enoch, by stating this: “Do not seal up the words of the prophecy of this book,” adding that what is revealed in it “must shortly take place.” The intent of the author of Revelation in alluding to the “non-sealing” of his book is obvious, the author believed and predicted that Jesus was about to “come” and judge the world “quickly.”

However, note in this regard that Daniel, Enoch, and Revelation all appear to be false prophecies, since all three of those books have been “unsealed,” each in their own day, but long before the “final judgment” or “resurrections” they decribed had arrived.
For instance, Daniel 12:1-2 predicted (falsely) about the time when his book would be “unsealed”:
“And at that time shall Michael stand up, the great prince which standeth for the children of thy people: and there shall be a time of trouble, such as never was since there was a nation even to that same time: and at that time thy people shall be delivered, every one that shall be found written in the book. And many of them that sleep in the dust of the earth shall awake, some to everlasting life, and some to shame and everlasting contempt.”

The books of Daniel and Enoch were both apparently “unsealed” far too early, far too many centuries before “the final judgment” and “resurrection.” Meanwhile, the book of Revelation ought to have been “sealed” instead of remaining “unsealed.” (Inerrantist Christians employ a host of metaphorical interpretations and guesses to try and make the books of Daniel and Revelation appear inerrantly wise the things they symbolicaly foretold, just as todayʼs believers in the prophecies of “Nostradamus” use their imaginations to discover “inerrant” prophecies in his symbolic predictions. But the Book of Enoch is there to ground us in some sort of sanity—a book that was produced between the time of Daniel and Revelation, which reminds us how such ancient motifs and means of speech and predictions prove little.)

Visions of a Flat Earth in the First Book of Enoch

1st Enoch makes explicit the flat-earth cosmology of Hebrew Scriptures, and provides a connecting link between Old Testament cosmology and the equally flat New Testament cosmology (of Matthew and Revelation).

“The Ends of the Earth” In The Book of Enoch
The angel Uriel guided Enoch in most of his travels. They made several trips to the ends of the earth, where the dome of heaven came down to the surface. For instance, Enoch says:
I went to the extreme ends of the earth and saw there huge beasts, each different from the other and different birds (also) differing from one another in appearance, beauty, and voice. And to the east of those beasts, I saw the ultimate ends of the earth which rests on the heaven. And the gates of heaven were open, and I saw how the stars of heaven come out…(1 Enoch 33:1-2).

(The sharp-eyed reader will note what I suspect is an editing error in the Isaac translation. The earth resting on the heaven makes no sense. R. H. Charles has “whereon the heaven rests.”)

Again, Enoch says, “I went in the direction of the north, to the extreme ends of the earth, and there at the extreme end of the whole world I saw a great and glorious seat. There (also) I saw three open gates of heaven; when it blows cold, hail, frost, snow, dew, and rain, through each one of the (gates) the winds proceed in the northwesterly direction (1 Enoch 34:1-2).” This accords well with Jeremiah 51:16 which says, “he brings up the mist from the ends of the earth, he opens rifts for the rain and brings the wind out of his storehouses.” In subsequent chapters, Enoch journeys “to the extreme ends of the earth” in the west, south, and east. In each place he saw three more “open gates of heaven.”

There were other things to be seen at the ends of the earth. Earlier, we deferred discussion of the King James version of Job 26:7, “He stretcheth out the north over the empty place, and hangeth the earth upon nothing.” On several occasions when Enoch and the angel are out beyond the dome of heaven, Enoch comments that there is nothing above or below. For instance, “And I came to an empty place. And I saw (there) neither a heaven above nor an earth below, but a chaotic and terrible place (1 Enoch 21:1-2).” Could this be the kind of nothingness referred to in Job?
An angel also showed Enoch the storerooms of the winds (18:1) and the cornerstone of the earth (18:2).

The Sun and Moon
And what of the sun and moon? Psalm 19:4-6 (quoted earlier) suggest that the sun holes up at the ends of the earth until it is time to rise. Enoch expands upon this idea. In 1 Enoch 41:5, he “saw the storerooms of the sun and the moon, from what place they go out and to which place they return…” Further, “they keep faith one with another: in accordance with an oath they set and they rise.”

Enoch discusses the solar and lunar motions at length, explaining why the apparent azimuths of their rising and setting varies with the season. The explanation, found in the section called “The Book of the Heavenly Luminaries,” begins thus:
This is the first commandment of the luminaries: The sun is a luminary whose egress is an opening of heaven, which is (located) in the direction of the east, and whose ingress is (another) opening of heaven, (located) in the west. I saw six openings through which the sun rises and six openings through which it sets. The moon also rises and sets through the same openings, and they are guided by the stars; together with those whom they lead, they are six in the east and six in the west heaven. All of them (are arranged) one after another in a constant order. There are many windows (both) to the right and the left of these openings. First there goes out the great light whose name is the sun; its roundness is like the roundness of the sky; and it is totally filled with light and heat. The chariot in which it ascends is (driven by) the blowing wind. The sun sets in the sky (in the west) and returns by the northeast in order to go to the east; it is guided so that it shall reach the eastern gate and shine in the face of the sky (1 Enoch 72:2-5).
The openings in the vault of heaven in the east and west are matched to the seasons. On the longest day of the year, the sun rises and sets through the northernmost pair. On the shortest day, it rises and sets through the southernmost pair. The return routes of the sun and moon are outside the dome. Perhaps they rest in their “storerooms” during their time off.

The Stars
Like the Bible, 1 Enoch typically depicts stars as living, anthropomorphic beings. The Sons of the Gods are also dealt with in 1 Enoch, and they are associated with stars. This is consistent with Job 38:7, which says that when the earthʼs cornerstone was laid “the morning stars sang together and all the sons of God shouted aloud.”

As mentioned earlier, Matthew 24:29 and Revelation 6:13 deal with stars that fall to earth. The image comes from Enoch, but Matthew and John omit some details. In 1 Enoch 88:1, a star that fell from the sky is seized, bound hand and foot, and thrown into an abyss. A few verses later, other stars “whose sexual organs were like the organs of horses” are likewise bound hand and foot and cast “into the pits of the earth (1 Enoch 88:3).”
Most stars just go through their motions night after night. Some stars never set, and Enoch was shown their chariots (1 Enoch 75:8). Stars that do rise and set do so through openings in dome, just like the sun and moon. God, according to 1 Enoch, runs a tight universe, and stars that do not rise on time are thrown into the celestial slammer. Showing Enoch a hellish scene, the angel Uriel explains:
This place is the (ultimate) end of heaven and earth: it is the prison house for the stars and the powers of heaven. And the stars which roll over upon the fire, they are the ones which have transgressed the commandments of God from the beginning of their rising because they did not arrive punctually (1 Enoch 18:14-15).

Enoch was not told the sentence for tardy rising, but Uriel later shows him other stars “which have transgressed the commandments of the Lord,” for which they were doing ten million years of hard time (1 Enoch 21:6). Enoch also was shown an even more terrible place, a fiery prison house where fallen angels were detained forever (1 Enoch 21:10).
1 Enoch deserves study for its cosmology, but there is much more of interest. It profoundly influenced Christian eschatology, and it is necessary reading for anyone trying to understand Hebrew religious thought at the dawn of the Christian era.
From “The Flat Earth Bible” by Bob Schadewald